The reasons for unequal pay are many. Women's educational and skill level is one of the basis. The U.S. Department of Labor Women's Bureau reported that researchers speculate that the "wages of all working women did not increase relative to those of working men because the skill (as measured by education and experience) of working women did not increase relative to working men (Smith and Ward 1983). In the military, the standards for women are higher than the standards for men. Generally, the enlisted women must have higher education than men, but they still get paid the same amount of money. A manufacturing company paid female packers 21 cents less than male packers because the company saw the men doing more work because the men would lift and stack cartons. Since the skill of women has not increased relative to menŐs and many businesses view that the pay of employees, who have the better skills of performing the same task(s) as other employees, should be raised, the earnings of women are less than men.